Global carmakers are grappling with forthcoming rules requiring them to produce electric vehicles in China, the world’s largest car market.全球汽车制造商正在希望应付中国将要实施的有关拒绝车企生产电动汽车的规则。中国是全球仅次于的汽车市场。While still under discussion, a draft of the rules — seen by several auto industry leaders at this month’s Shanghai Auto show — would require as much as 8 per cent of their sales in China to be electric vehicles as early as next year.虽然规则仍在辩论中，但根据几位汽车行业领袖在近日举办的上海车展上看见的一份草案，最先从明年起，汽车厂商在华销量中电动汽车分数比例拒绝超过8%。Carmakers who missed the target would be forced to buy expensive “credits” from competitors who overshot. The quota is set to grow in subsequent years, according to drafts of the rules seen by executives.分数不合格的企业要向分数富余的企业出售“便宜”的分数。

根据这些高管们看见的规则草案，在随后几年里，电动车分数比例还不会逐步提高。However, the precise percentages and the way they are calculated are still being discussed, the executives said.但高管们回应，明确的分数比例以及分数计算出来方式目前仍在辩论中。

“Its early days — and how [the rules] are implemented remains to be seen,” said Ian Robertson, a member of BMW’s board, who said the carmaker was prepared to meet whatever quota was imposed.“现在是早期阶段——（规则）如何继续执行仍尚待仔细观察，”宝马(BMW)董事会成员伊恩?罗伯逊(Ian Robertson)说道。他回应，无论分数比例订为多少，宝马都会力求合格。Trevor Worthington, Ford’s vice-president, said the company met weekly with the Chinese government to discuss the policies. The carmaker planned to market its first hybrid vehicle in China next year, while Chinese-owned Volvo said it would introduce its first 100-per cent electric car in China in 2019.福特(Ford)副总裁特雷弗?沃辛顿(Trevor Worthington)回应，该公司每周都与中国政府部门会谈辩论这些政策。福特计划明年在中国销售其首款混合动力车。

由中资所有的沃尔沃(Volvo)也回应2019年将在中国发售首款显电动汽车。The new rules are designed to encourage the local production of battery-powered cars by allowing makers to trade credits. Various types of vehicles will be counted differently towards satisfying the quota, a number of auto industry leaders said — a fully electric car would count more than a hybrid, for example.新规则目的通过容许汽车制造商交易分数，来希望它们在国内生产电池动力汽车。

很多汽车行业领袖回应，有所不同类型的汽车分数也有所不同，比如说显电动汽车的分数不会低于混合动力车。Jochem Heizmann, Volkswagen China’s chief executive, said the company was making preparations to produce electric vehicles in China next year, together with Anhui Jianghuai Automobile (JAC Motors), one of VW’s joint venture partners in the country, and planned to meet the electric vehicle quota without buying credits.大众中国(Volkswagen China)首席执行官约赫姆?海兹曼(Jochem Heizmann)回应，大众于是以筹划明年与江淮汽车(JAC Motors)在中国牵头生产电动汽车——后者是大众在中国的合资伙伴之一——并计划自行符合电动汽车生产配额，而不出售分数。“We are fully with all forces working to be able to fulfil this quota system next year, he said last week.“我们正在全力以赴，力争明年需要合格，”他在上周回应。

The main beneficiaries of the new policy will be companies that produce electric vehicles locally — such as BYD and BAIC, the largest sellers of electric vehicles in China, which will probably be able to sell excess credits.新政策的主要受益方将是在中国国内生产电动汽车的公司，如比亚迪(BYD)和北汽集团(BAIC)，这两家公司是中国电动汽车销量仅次于的车企，它们将有可能出售多余的分数。Locally produced electric vehicles already take advantage of a range of subsidies and incentives — the central government offered subsidies for new EVs of as much as Rmb55,000 ($8,000), while local government subsidies were of similar value, according to BYD.本土生产的电动汽车已拥有一系列补贴和鼓舞。

据比亚迪回应，中国中央政府为新的电动汽车获取高达5.5万元人民币（合8000美元）的补贴，地方政府也获取类似于额度的补贴。However, these subsidies have decreased this year by 20 per cent and are to be phased out over time. Ultimately the electric vehicle quota trading scheme is supposed to replace government incentives.不过今年这些补贴增加了20%，以后还将逐步中止。

最后，电动汽车分数交易制为被指出将代替政府鼓舞政策。In addition to subsidies, local governments award licence plates to electric vehicles without restriction, while buying a new petrol-powered car in many cities requires purchasing a licence plate via auction, which can add thousands of dollars to the price of the car.除了享用补贴，各地电动汽车上牌不受限制，而在许多城市，出售新的燃油汽车必须通过摇号出售汽车牌照，这有可能造成购车成本增加数千美元。Last year, China was the world’s largest purchaser of electric vehicles, buying more than 300,000. China’s 13th five-year plan that came into effect last year set an ambitious target for cumulative sales of EV’s to reach more than 5m by 2020.去年，中国沦为全球电动汽车销量仅次于的国家，销量多达30万辆。

去年转入实行阶段的中国“十三五规划”制订了一个雄心勃勃的目标：到2020年中国电动车的保有量目标是500万辆。

本文来源：7163银河-www.argylehuzhou.cn